Phylogeography of Y-chromosomal lineages in Siberia and Cenral Asia
The composition and frequencies of Y chromosome haplogroups were revealed in native populations of Siberia, Eastern Europe and Central Asia. 25 haplogroups were observed, but only 7 of them (N3а, R1a1, Q*, С3*, N2, C3c и O3) were frequent comprising 86% of Y-chromosomal gene pool in population of North Eurasia. The proportion of inter-population differences (Fst) in the total genetic variability of region’s population according AMOVA data is 19.04%. Within geographical groups reveals the high level of genetic differentiation was found in Eastern and Western Siberia. Male lineages in population North-East Asia and Central Asia are less differentiated, but the value of genetic differentiation’ coefficient is still relatively high. Based on analysis of microsatellite haplotypes within main Y-chromosomal haplogroups, molecular diversity within monophyletic lineages were calculated and phylogenetic trees for most common haplogroups (C3, C3c, C3*, N2, N3a, Q*, R1a1, R1b) were reconstructed. Western-Eurasian lineages (R1a1, R1b) are characterized by the maximal diversity in Caucasoid populations. Among Siberian ethnic groups, the highest diversity of these lineages was found in Altay-Sayan populations. Eastern-Eurasian lineages (C3c, C3, C3*, O, Q) have the high level of diversity of microsatellite haplotypes in populations of Eastern Siberia and North-East Asia, but their founder haplotypes and higher genetic diversity associated with them were found in populations of South-East Asia. N3a lineage is characterized by maximal frequency and maximal diversity in North Eurasia. In particular, founder haplotype has high frequency in Altay-Sayan Turkic populations and in Finno-Ugric ethnic groups. Phylogeographic analysis for main Y-chromosomal North Eurasian lineages were used to reconstruct the distribution of Y-chromosomal lineages in connection to the peopling of North Eurasia.