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Melbourne- The Host City Melbourne is Australia's second largest city and the capital of Victoria, the most compact mainland State. Melbourne was settled by Europeans in 1835, but was first a home for the indigenous population (locally known as Kooris) for as much as 50,000 year's prior. A major gold rush attracted world attention in 1848 and a boom period ensued which lasted nearly 40 years. This period gave the city its magnificent public architecture, gracious parks and opulent mansions. Established as the commercial headquarters and seat of government, Melbourne was the birthplace of Australian Federation. When our forefathers planned this city they felt it was important to ensure breathing space. Today, the magnificence of the 19th century parks and gardens - especially in the city area - are known the world over. Even the native wildlife has been drawn to their tranquil beauty, and all kinds of birds and animals can readily be seen. Melbourne proudly showcases the very best in contemporary art, design and theatre. From major festivals and cultural events to the diverse artistic expression found on Melbourne's streets, this City for the Arts is the leader in cultural activity in the Asia Pacific region. The city is also Australia's pre-eminent centre for education, entertainment, culinary excellence, sporting spectaculars, shopping and business. Melbourne is home to 3.2 million citizens from numerous cultural backgrounds. An enticing, multi-dimensional city, Melbourne is sophisticated and quirky, cosmopolitan and conventional, historic and contemporary. Melbourne has a unique diversity, vitality and ambience that positions it as one of the world's great cities. Voted the Most Livable City in the world, Melbourne makes sure it lives up to its reputation in every possible way.